EU AI Act in full force: OpenAI and Anthropic under EU AI Office scrutiny
The EU AI Office has initiated its first supervisory review targeting OpenAI and Anthropic. Simultaneously, penalty rules and transparency requirements under the EU AI Act are now in full effect.
What happened?
The EU AI Act is now fully applicable in practice, and the EU AI Office has opened its first supervisory case through formal requests for information sent to OpenAI and Anthropic. Since 2 August 2026, the supervisory authority has the power to fine GPAI providers up to 15 million euros or 3 percent of their global turnover. Chatbots must immediately disclose that they are AI-powered, and AI-generated media now requires machine-readable labelling.
Key facts
Why it matters
Compliance with EU AI legislation has transitioned from a preparatory phase to active legal enforcement. The EU is establishing a global standard where prohibited practices are completely outlawed, while basic transparency becomes an absolute requirement for market access.
Who is affected?
Software developers, system integrators, and AI providers supplying services to the European market are immediately affected. Furthermore, employers and educational institutions are impacted by the prohibitions on emotion recognition systems.
Impact on the EU
The regulatory framework applies directly across all 27 EU member states and encompasses any entity whose software affects the EU market. GPAI rules and transparency obligations are now in force, while requirements for high-risk systems are deferred until December 2027.
What else you should know
The investigation into OpenAI and Anthropic is the EU AI Office's first formal supervisory action since its enforcement powers were activated. The scale of the potential fines places immediate financial pressure on leading model developers.
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